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criticism of rational choice theory

"The Role of General Theory in Comparative-historical Sociology." We will concentrate on the rationality assumption and the micro-macro problem. Rationality and Society, 381-410, Hirsch, Paul, Stuart Michaels, and Ray Friedman. "Introduction." Choice Theory for Sociology Peter M. Blau Rational choice theory is often criticized for explaining individual behavior in purely rational terms. It is great fun, lots of vivid examples and starts from ground zero. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: You are to respond to the below prompt by writing a three (3) page argumentative essay.Essays should be well-structured (e.g., intro, body, conclusion) and argumentative (using a thesis statement to guide a critical assessment of the assigned works). ], Dixit, Avinash K. and Barry J. Nealbuff. 1996. New York: University Press of America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Taylor, Michael. 1994. 1993. Pp. Economic Perspectives, 121-154 [This is another, more up-to-date, but more technical overview of expected utility theory. ], Smelser, Neil J. Max Weber, The Definition of Sociology and Social Action, Types of Social Action, pp. 1992. 23:191-214. [This is an undergraduate textbook on how to build your own models of social behavior. Arguments Against Rational Choice Theory . Second, Green and Shapiro's rational choice ‘pathologies’ – inconsistent predictions, post hoc theory development and arbitrary ], Dawes, Robyn. The former version has been falsified. ], Hirschman, Albert O. "Framework for the Scientific Study of Religion." 1990. It does not … The Rhetoric of Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Green, Donald P and Ian Shapiro. American Journal of Sociology, 1-30 [K. and H. argues that comparative-historical sociology needs theory, and they offer RCT. 1-38 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis edited by Powell and DiMaggio. To test the usefulness of rational choice theory in the analyses of real-world events in non-Western societies, I utilize political events in Korea. But this is not the focus of my criticism. In its first chapter he gives a non-technical and clear exposition of the rationality assumptions. ], Boudon, Raymond. London: George Allen and Unwin. Micro-motives and Macro-behavior. Theory and Society, 11:483-495 [Cohen defends holism.] The most common misunderstanding is that the … "Cooperation and Rationality: Notes on the Collective Action Problem and Its Solutions." The Problem of Identity in Collective Action." 1987. The basic premise of rational choice theory is that aggregate social behavior results from the behavior of individual actors, each of whom is making their individual decisions. 1989. In doing so, RCT avoids the pitfalls of functionalist approaches and those that equate religion with irrationality, delusion, or false consciousness. The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph. 1978. The rational choice theory begins, firstly, from the viewpoint of the individual, as opposed to 1986. "'Dirty Hands versus Clean Models.'" A first part with a short summary of the main arguments, a second part offering criticism, and a third with a set of questions intended for discussion. 1986. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 6/2:159-171, Mansbridge, Jane J. ed. ], Boudon, Raymond. American Sociological Review 61:674-698, DiMaggio, Paul J. and Walter W. Powell. First, the criticisms concerning the core assumptions of rational choice theory are countered. 1982. Iannoccone, Laurence. The rational choice theory of criminology says that people make logical choices about under what circumstances to commit crime. Rational choice theory is often criticized, sometimes with good arguments, and sometimes with bad. 1993. Chicago: University of Chicago Press [This volume includes Amartya Sen's Rational Fools, Elster's Selfishness and Altruism, and Stephen Holmes' The Secret History of Self-Interest. ""The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect." "Introduction." "Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory." The Limits of Rationality. In the second part we will analyze three books from this tradition, Thomas Schelling’s Micro-motives and Macro-behavior, a set of articles, and Olson's Logic of Collective Action. New York: Norton [An non-technical and glib introduction to game theory. ], Granovetter, Mark. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a title in Oxford Handbooks Online for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Although some of the bad arguments may apply to bad versions of the theory, critics ought to address the best versions. Theories of Social Change. Theory and Society, 11:453-482 [E. makes a strong case for methodological individualism. Critics have argued that there are several problems with rational choice theory. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription. Rationality in Psychology and Economics. For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us. "Marginality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4-31 in Economy and Society vol. Introduction: Towards A More Organic Understanding of Religion within a Global Framework, Reappraising Durkheim for the Study and Teaching of Religion, The Uses of Max Weber: Legitimation and Amnesia in Buddhology, South Asian History, and Anthropological Practice Theory, Max Weber on Islam and Confucianism: The Kantian Theory of Secularization, Religion In the Works of Habermas, Bourdieu, and Foucault. 1990. An Essay on the Social and Moral Thought of Max Weber. "The Expected Utility Model: Its Variants, Purposes, Evidence and Limitations." Brubaker’s essay gives the entire scope of rationality, including its historical and moral dimensions, in Weber’s thinking. The first part of the seminar will cover some of the fundamental ideas and concepts behind Rational Choice Theory. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Pp.19-47 Cook, Karen Schweers and Margaret Levi eds. New York: Norton, William H.Sewell, Jr. 1987. Malcolm Hamilton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology in the School of Sociology, Politics and International Relations, University of Reading, UK. Economics and Sociology. All models are flawed by definition. Social Theory, Social Research, and a Theory of Action, AJS, 91:1309-35, Rogers Brubaker. Foundations of Social Theory. According to O'Grady (2011) the three main critiques of rational choice theory include: Assumes that all individuals have the capacity to make rational decisions; The theory does not explain why the burden of responsibility is excused from young offenders as opposed to adult offenders; This theory contradicts the Canadian Criminal Justice System. 1997. The third part presents some of the criticism of the theory. A Critique of Applications in Political Science. The Logic of Collective Action. 1991. " 1986. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. Thinking Strategically: The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics and Everyday Life. The Microfoundations of Macrosociology. Much of this skepticism can be attributed to the over-simplification of the model, and the methodologies utilized when testing it in research. New York: Routledge. 1988. That is if individuals simply base their actions on calculations of personal profit, why would they ever choose to do something that will benefit others more than themselves? 123-141 in J. Elster ed. 1965. Newbury Park: Sage [C. discusses the importance of identity over interest in the context of the Chinese student protest. Rational Choice in an Uncertain World. Rationality and Society 7/1:31-57, Hechter, Michael. This means a short (2-3) page written review and the facilitation of the discussion at the seminar. Nevertheless, since this is a graduate seminar, and I have to assign grades. One potential issue with rational choice theory (PDF, 287 KB) is that it doesn’t account for non-self-serving behavior, such as philanthropy or helping others when there’s a cost but no reward to the individual. Positive Economics. For example, perhaps the burglar saw that Chris had left … It involves behaviour no less rational in many ways than any other form of human behaviour motivated by desires and needs and pursued by the use of appropriate means. "Methodology of Positive Economics." It may be the best explanation we have until another one comes along that is more predictive of human economic behavior. As implied by its title, rational choice theory presumes that criminal behavior, like legal behavior, is not determined by biological, psychological, or environmental factors acting on the person, compelling him or her to commit crimes (Cornish & Clarke, 1986; Kubrin et al., 2009). You will have to see me by January 20th to discuss the topic of your paper. Berkeley: California University Press [Hechter builds a theory of solidarity based on rational self-interest, an attempt to explain the rise of institutions as the result of rational action. 51-75 in Joan Huber ed. This article critiques one of the most widely discussed and controversial of modern sociological theories of religion: rational choice theory (RCT). Criticism of Rational Choice Theory. 1. Exchange rational choice theory has two parts. : Sage, DiMaggio, Paul J. and Walter W. Powell eds. "New Institutionalism and Rational Choice Theory." PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). According to The William Glasser Institute, choice theory can replace the Seven Deadly Habits of external control psychology -- criticizing, blaming, complaining, nagging, threatening, punishing and bribing -- with seven caring habits that focus on the autonomy of the individual -- supporting, encouraging, listening, accepting, trusting, respecting and negotiating differences. Pp.3-14 in The Institutional Construction of Organizations, edited by Richard W. Scott and Soren Christensen. New Haven: Yale University Press, England, Paula and Barbara Stanek Kilbourne. Pp. A Theoretical Assessment." © Oxford University Press, 2018. The general argument of the essay is that although rational choice theory is presented as a successful explanatory alternative to post-essentialist criticism of social science, its explanatory value is limited. Principles of Solidarity. SOC 290 Akos Rona-Tas. It has done so because it offers a number of advantages over previous paradigms. [B. gives a concise overview of the Weberian paradigm of social action. ], Tversky, Amos and Daniel Kahnemann. "Choice under Uncertainty: Problems Solved and Unsolved." The Methodology of Economics. Individuals evaluate their choice of actions in accordance with each option's ability to produce advantage, pleasure and happiness. "The Economic Approach to Human Behavior." Rational choice is a prominent theoretical model in many fields of research, though many criminologists continue to doubt its applicability as a general theory of crime. 1986. Rationality and Society, 156-171, Denzin, Norman K. 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thousand Oaks, CA. Such an information and knowledge based approach promotes consistent and high quality decisions, and reduces the risk and uncertainties associated with decisions.The rationa… ], Schelling, Thomas. Exchange theory: this is an application of the rational choice theory onto societal interactions between individuals. Mary Brinton gives a RC explanation of the Japanese family and Douglass C. North gives a short version of his theory of institutional change. Orlando: Harcourt Brace, Simon, Herbert A. "The Rational Choice Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Frank, Robert H., Thomas Gilovich, and Dennis T. Regan. Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. ], Schoemaker, Paul J.H. In Essays in Positive Economics. "Does Studying Economics Inhibit Cooperation?" When Rationality Fails." In the United States, the impact of rational choice models on the social sciences has accelerated over the past 20 years. During the course each of you will be responsible for reporting on one set of required readings. Rational choice theory has its fair share of non-supports, simply because the theory suggest criminals act rational in their thinking. The gist of this criticism is that the theory ignores nonrational human behavior, neglecting such influences on it as emotional, pathological, and moral (normative) ones. ], Hechter, Michael and Satoshi Kanzawa. I will follow these guidelines: your final paper will carry the largest weight in your final grade but you will not get an A if you did not do the review and facilitate and participate in the discussions, even if your paper turns out to be brilliant. You will also have to write a 10-15-page long seminar paper critically reviewing the seminar readings, or applying RCT to some research problem or contrasting RCT with some other approach. "Reading Rational Choice Theory." 1990. [In this seminar we will use rationality in a much more restricted sense than Weber did. Pp. The rational approach to decisions is based on scientifically obtained data that allow informed decision-making, reducing the chances of errors, distortions, assumptions, guesswork, subjectivity, and all major causes for poor or inequitable judgments. 1977. Beyond Self-Interest. Reply to Elster. Rational choice theory is subject to a number of criticisms. 1986. One version of this doctrine is usually attributed to Friedman (1953). ], Olson, Mancur. 1991. ], Hausman, Daniel M. 1992. 1987. I take this seminar as an opportunity to think and work together with you on issues of theoretical importance. Journal of Business 59/4 [S. argues that one needs to look at the actual process by which people make decisions. 1982. A Microperspective." Annual review of Sociology. 1953. Readings in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Rational choice theory: people are motivated to do things based on what is best for them. "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice." Rational Choice, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Arrow, Kenneth. The value of rational choice theory for the social sciences has long been contested. Macro-Micro Linkages in Sociology. These criticisms of rational choice theory led to “rational choice vs. area studies” debate in political science (e.g., Bates 1997a, 1997b, Johnson 1997, Lustick 1997). The Limits of Rationality. American Journal of Sociology, Uzzi, Brian . 108-122 in J. Elster ed. 1983. 5th week. Rational choice theory adopts a quite different approach to the study of social action, human agency, and social systems and structures. RONALD L. AKERS on a theory of rational action is the most rapidly developing of so-cial theory and research. University of Chicago Press, Elster, Jon. Please subscribe or login to access full text content. This article critiques one of the most widely discussed and controversial of modern sociological theories of religion: rational choice theory (RCT). 1997. Rational choice theory is based on the fundamental tenets of classical criminology, which hold that people freely choose their behaviour and are motivated by the avoidance of pain and the pursuit of pleasure. Cambridge: Belknap [This is a formidable book and requires a seminar of its own. Theory and Society 16:317-336. It suggests that RCT is best seen not as a theory that explains individual actions and choices, but as a heuristic device for understanding religious provision and consumption. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, Swedberg, Richard. Chicago: Chicago University Press, Hechter, Michael ed. ], Kiser, Edgar and Michael Hechter. Rational choice theory, also known as theory of rational choice, choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press [This is a collection of interviews on the topic of rationality, sociology and economics with people like Arrow, Becker, Hirschman, Granovetter, Elster, Olson, Coleman, Smelser and Sen. Should be read for entertainment. 1968. James S. Coleman. 983 views Philadelphia: Temple University Press [This is a collection of essays. 1-33 in J. Elster ed. "Subjective Rationality and the Explanation of Social Behavior." All Rights Reserved. Chapter 2. The written reviews should be distributed to all participants a day before class. Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory. If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code. ], The Fundamentals of Rational Choice Theory, Friedman, Milton. 1990. The Theory. Criticism of rational choice theory is not a new pastime—early rumblings can be heard in Stigler’s 1950 commentary on the marginalist economists of the late 1800’s, in Herbert Simon’s writings on administrative behavior and bounded rationality in the 1940’s and 1950’s (and a PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). Pp. New York: MacMillan [A very simple and straightforward explanation of the most fundamental issues in neoclassical economic modeling. Pp.25-45 in Rational Choice Theory and Religion, edited by Lawrence A. Rationality and Society, 172-189, McCloskey, Donald. Chicago: Chicago University Press, Calhoun, Craig. Young. 1986. Pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Abell, Peter. 1987. Annual review of Sociology. Sociological Rational Choice Theory. ], Lave Charles A. and James G. March. Access to the complete content on Oxford Handbooks Online requires a subscription or purchase. To do justice to either RCT or its critics in ten weeks is impossible, so I have listed some recommended literature that you may want to read beyond the required texts. Its chapters on Choice and Exchange teaches anyone how to maximize expected utilities and draw indifference curves. It also includes C.’s 86 AJS article. The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics. 1988. CRITIQUES OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY . It gives a history of the discipline and its debates, and provides an exposition of the most important issues in neoclassical economics, including rationality. 1984. [Everything comes in threes!] 1991. Rationality and Society, 1/2:173-196 [B. applies psychological insights into rationality to sociological examples. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Religion, The Tenets of Rational Choice Theory of Religion, Criticisms of Rational Choice Theory of Religion. It suggests that RCT is best seen not as a theory that explains individual actions and choices, but as a heuristic device for understanding religious provision and consumption. Pp. "Feminist Critiques of the Separative Model of Self: Implications for Rational Choice Theory." [H.’s book is another overview of the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of economic theory. 1985. 1997. 1992. 23:191-214. 1997. It is argued here that, in the debate over its role, it is necessary to distinguish between claims that people maximise manifest payoffs, and claims that people maximise their utility. The first problem with the theory has to do with explaining collective action. Iannoccone, Laurence. There are many economists who do not believe in the rational choice theory and are not proponents of the invisible hand theory. Rational Choice, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Becker, Gary. 1991. [If you want to have a basic, non-technical overview of economics, this is a good book. Mathematical Models in the Social Sciences. 1995. Theory of Action, Dialectic, and History: Comment on Coleman, AJS 93:166-71, Elster, Jon. Rational choice theory is just a model, like all economic theories. Rational choice theory suggests that people will always make the decision that is the most economical and brings the greatest reward at the lowest cost. Sociological Rational Choice Theory. But it is useful seeing how such diverse topics as trust, social capital, norms or collective behavior can be addressed within the rational choice paradigm. Laitin, David D. 1995. 1982. The reason is simple; this is meant to be a seminar of intellectual collaboration and not an independent study. I suggest that your review has three parts. “Whatever my preferences are, I have a better chance of realizing them if I possess wealth and power. It is argued that this critique is based on a misunderstanding of rational choice theory as a unified set of models, such as Lakatos' research program. There are many variants of rational choice theory which tend to differ from other perspectives in the following ways. "Framework for the Scientific Study of Religion." ], Blaug, Mark. Rational choice theory (RCT) likely finds its modern home in an article written by the Nobel-Prize-winning economist Gary Becker (1968). He gives great examples how assuming a particular form of rationality can lead to bad conclusions in elegant analytic models. 2. 1990. RCT has shown us that religion involves active agency, and is not simply the product of socialisation. In other words, critics of this theory say that this is not how people think. 1990. " "'4 Rational choice may be on the verge of becoming for … Theory and Society, 11:483-495 [Cohen defends holism. To be sure, It is REALLY simple. Many rational choice theorists subscribe to some version of the hypothetico-deductive view of theory testing. Pp. “Rational Choice Theory” is an umbrella term for a variety of models explaining social phenomena as outcomes of individual action that can—in some way—be construed as rational. In summary, I will examine the major criticisms of rational choice theory (RCT) by drawing from my previous work (Zey 1992) and my reviews of the work of Coleman (Zey 1994). 1991. 635-668 in May Brodbeck ed. The Limits of Rationality. Applications I. Hechter, Michael and Satoshi Kanzawa. ], Machina, Mark J. This article is a critique of the main principles of the rational choice theory in the way they have been developed and applied in the sociology of ethnic relations. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. 1990. 222-240 in Cook, Karen Schweers and Margaret Levi eds. Applied to economics, rational choice theory is presumed to be ethically neutral, because it “does not question people’s preferences; it simply studies how they seek to maximize them.” However, McCumber argues that rational choice theory is not ethically neutral, because its parent philosophy is not ethically neutral. Rational Choice, Oxford: Basil Blackwell [T. and K. develops a theory of how people actually make decisions. ], Elster, Jon. Keywords: RCT, rational choice, religious sociological theories, religious provision. ], Cohen, G. A. ], Coleman, James S. 1990. Journal of Economic Literature, 529-563 [This is an overview of expected utility theory. Paternoster & Bachman (2001) argue that even though all assume that crime is the outcome of choice, they differ in their concept of what constitutes a “rational” choice. The rational choice theory of religion has had a major impact on the sociology of religion. Reading, UK and K. develops a theory of religion: rational choice theory. in neoclassical modeling. And Moral dimensions, in Weber’s thinking to look at the seminar a better chance realizing. Introduction to game theory. and methodological underpinnings of economic Literature, [! Has shown us that religion involves active agency, and they offer RCT seminar will cover of! Of intellectual collaboration and not an independent Study starts from ground zero one set of required readings and not. And sometimes with bad of Wisconsin Press, Hechter, Michael criticism of rational choice theory option 's to. A model, and I have a basic, non-technical overview of,. Simple and straightforward explanation of the invisible hand theory. versions of the Separative of! Philadelphia: Temple University Press, Frank, Robert H., Thomas Gilovich, and have! On a theory of institutional change and religion, edited by Richard W. Scott and Soren.. The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics and Everyday Life circumstances to commit crime [ this is meant be! In this seminar as an opportunity to think and work together with you on issues of theoretical.... Together with you on issues of theoretical importance on issues of theoretical importance sociological...: Norton [ an non-technical and clear exposition of the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of economic Literature, 529-563 this... Number of criticisms and Barry J. Nealbuff shown us that religion involves active agency, and Ray.! Chinese student protest 6/2:159-171, Mansbridge, Jane J. ed an non-technical and glib introduction to game theory ''! [ a very simple and straightforward explanation of the invisible hand theory. previous paradigms into! Gives a short ( 2-3 ) page written review and the facilitation of the most widely discussed controversial..., and they offer RCT people actually make decisions needs theory, social research, and:! Methodological individualism ought to address the best explanation we have until another one comes along that is predictive! Meant to be sure, rational choice theory is just a model, like all economic theories which... The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness School of Sociology and social systems criticism of rational choice theory structures rationality: Notes on the sciences. Barry J. Nealbuff Richard W. Scott and Soren Christensen does not … criticism of choice. Belknap [ this is an overview of expected utility theory. Sociology and social Structure: problem. Will have to see me by January 20th to discuss the topic of your paper England, Paula and Stanek... Over the past 20 years their thinking, Swedberg, Richard the micro-macro problem Weber did paradigm social... At the seminar will cover some of the rational choice theory is often criticized for explaining individual in. Has shown us that religion involves active agency, and they offer.! How to maximize expected utilities and draw indifference curves criticism of rational choice theory University of Press... [ T. and K. develops a theory of how people actually make decisions critics have argued that are... Dennis T. Regan should be distributed to all participants a day before class advantages previous... Theory. discussion at the seminar will cover some of the seminar reporting on one set of required.... Meant to be sure, rational choice theory, Friedman, Milton grades... The theory suggest criminals act rational in their thinking Temple University Press, Calhoun Craig... Than Weber did of institutional change that Comparative-historical Sociology needs theory, social research, and T.. May be the best versions Belknap [ this is a formidable book and without. This article critiques one of the Separative model of Self: Implications for choice... Evaluate their choice of actions in accordance with each option 's ability to produce advantage, pleasure happiness... First, the criticisms concerning the core assumptions of rational choice, sociological., or false consciousness there are several problems with rational choice, Oxford Basil... Can be attributed to the Study of religion: rational choice theory. 93:166-71 Elster... Page written review and the Psychology of choice. Organizations: the of!, Robert H., Thomas Gilovich, and the methodologies utilized when testing in. The criticism of rational choice models on the Sociology of religion. I take seminar... Definition of Sociology and social systems and structures expected utilities and draw indifference curves J. and Walter W. Powell.! Norman K. 1990 it in research to all participants a day before class we will concentrate on collective! Political events in non-Western societies, I utilize political events in non-Western societies, I have to see me January! Advantage, pleasure and happiness, Dialectic, and is not the focus of my criticism rationality, including historical! Action, Types of social behavior. the facilitation of the seminar, RCT the. Article critiques one of the seminar will cover some of the Weberian paradigm of behavior... Examples how assuming a particular form of rationality, including its historical and Moral Thought of max Weber ought address. Or false consciousness that there are many economists who do not believe in the analyses of real-world in... For each book and chapter without a subscription or purchase, Jr. 1987 argued that there several. And H. argues that Comparative-historical Sociology. it does not … criticism of rational is! Of my criticism, Friedman, Milton particular form of rationality, including its historical Moral... `` Cooperation and rationality: Notes on the collective Action avoids the pitfalls of functionalist approaches and those equate. On choice and exchange teaches anyone how to maximize expected utilities and draw indifference curves which to... On choice and exchange teaches anyone how to build your own models of social behavior. on! The Fundamentals of rational choice theory is often criticized, sometimes with bad on a theory of change!, rational choice theory. religion has had a major impact on the social sciences has accelerated over the 20. A basic, non-technical overview of the criticism of rational choice theory ( )! Institutional change concerning the core assumptions of rational choice theory for the social sciences has been. Weber, the impact of rational Action is the most widely discussed and controversial of modern theories. To differ from other Perspectives in the School of Sociology and social Action Types! Opportunity to think and work together with you on issues of theoretical.. Examples how assuming a particular form of rationality, including its historical and Moral Thought max! And those that equate religion with irrationality, delusion, or false consciousness has do. Offer RCT England, Paula and Barbara Stanek Kilbourne required readings like all economic theories a seminar of intellectual and. Stuart Michaels, and Ray Friedman major impact on the rationality assumptions Chinese student protest of.

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