For quantitative business research it is imperative that the research questions used allow your respondents to answer succinctly. Formulating a quantitative research question can often be a difficult task. Your research question guides your research and your choice of methodology, so you need to make sure you get this step right early. The procedure used in a quantitative research can be repeatedly done to measure the validity of previous results. Structured Research Instruments. It motivates me to learn more about teaching and learning. This is in contrast to hypotheses which make a statement. However, to be rigorous, qualitative research does strive to be transparent and to openly, legitimately, and clearly document and communicate all deci-sions taken throughout the research process. All aspects of the … Quantitative research questionsinquire about the relationships among variables that the investigator seeks to know. Research papers are source-based explanations of a topic, event, or phenomenon. In this post, we will look at general guidelines for forming research… Descriptive questions strictly describe a variable. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The research questions are well-defined for which the objective answers are sought. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Quantitative Survey Questions: Definition. Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions Judith Haber KEY TERMS clinical question complex hypothesis dependent variable directional hypothesis hypothesis independent variable nondirectional hypothesis population purpose research hypothesis research question statistical hypothesis testability theory variable LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter, you should be … Qualitative Research Question Types. Therefore, one can never be reminded enough that all time “lost” in defining the research questions is never wasted (Neri de Souza et al., 2011b; White, 2013). We will modify the previous example on exercise and students for this question. The researcher cannot infer any conclusions from this type of analysis; it simply presents data. Questions should ask about the relation between these variables. It is conducted to have a better understanding of the existing problem, but will not provide conclusive results. Because qualitative research is more concerned with understanding an event or phenomenon, its open-ended research questions focus more on a group’s experience than on statistics or numbers.. Qualitative research is primarily used in social sciences and includes surveys, case studies, focus groups, and ethnography studies. Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely. A quantitative research question is usually followed by a hypothesis — this is a prediction of what we think our study will find; a statement that answers the initial speculative research question. By looking at your research question(s), you should be able to determine whether you are looking at causal relationships (quantitative study) or exploring a phenomenon (qualitative study). EXPLANATION Table of Contents. There is no "one best way" to structure a quantitative research question. Once this is clearly defined, the research has three primary outcomes. How to structure quantitative research questions. Quantitative research questions are generally used to set the scene for an entire study or industry report. With qualitative research, you will usually have one central question and possibly also some sub-questions to narrow the phenomenon under study further. Comparison questions seek to understand if two groups are different on one or more dependent variables. However, this article focuses solely on quantitative research questions. But, the process of transforming them into a research problem or research topic in an effective way is not easy work at all. TEMPLATE Quantitative researchers typically start with a focused research question or hypothesis, collect a small amount of data from each of a large number of individuals, describe the resulting data using statistical techniques, and draw general conclusions about some large population. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms. For such a research, a researcher starts with a general idea and uses this research as a medium to identify issues, that can be the focus for future research. Once you’ve read our guide on how to write a research question , use these examples to work out if your question is strong enough. The wording and structure of quantitative and qualitative research questions differ significantly. There are various categories of primary quantitative research. Characteristics of a quantitative research project • Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought • All aspects are carefully and precisely designed before data collection • Data are in the form of numbers and statistics • … One possible template of a descriptive question is below. Good questions lead to good answers. Quantitative research questions are generally used to set the scene for an entire study or industry report. Describe characteristics of quantitative research and give one concrete example. For quantitative business research it is imperative that the research questions used allow your respondents to answer succinctly. A site is the specific location for the research—it could be an entire community (e.g., a Haitian neighborhood in Miami) or an institution (e.g., a clinic in Seattle). It is important that one of those variables is an independent variable (IV). You need to be confident that you can indeed ensure a controlled environment, one in which you are able to control for other variables and observe only the effect of your chosen variable. There is no "one best way" to structure a quantitative research question. 4.Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought. However, they do provide a starting point for those who are new to research. A research question is 'a question that a research project sets out to answer'. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are gathered. You don't want your research topic to be so broad or large that you are unable to research … Like quantitative questions, qualitative questions link to research It pinpoints exactly what you want to find out and gives your work a clear focus and purpose. Higher level inferences is not a part of this approach. The template is followed by an example. Structurally, quantitative explanatory questions must contain an independent variable and dependent variable. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms. Numerical Data . A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, project or thesis. (a comparison question). The data are generally nonnumerical. Below are some common traits of research questions in quantitative studies. Precision and accuracy of measurement and analysis is the target of the concepts. Quantitative research is a broad area of scientific methods. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! answer choices . Closed-ended questions: for quantitative research (questionnaires and surveys) suitable for use with a wide range of respondents; allow a standardised analysis of the data; are intended to confirm the hypotheses (previously stated in the qualitative part) A closed-ended question. Research Outcome Number 2. These are the bases of the structured research questions developed and validated. These arguments mean that the possible types of research methods are more diverse than is often assumed, and that the terms ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ are best avoided, although other, more specific, terms are useful. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Focused: The design of the study is determined before it begins and research is used to test a theory and ultimately support or reject it. ( Log Out /  Moreover, the questions of how many? Quantitative Research Is Standard Science. Quantitative survey questions are defined as objective questions used to gain detailed insights from respondents about a survey research topic. If you are uncertain about the differences between quantitative and qualitative research and research questions, you can first read the posts Choosing between Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, and Qualitative vs Quantitative Research Questions. Determine differences between variables. How to structure quantitative research questions. Descriptive questions do not have corresponding null and alternative hypotheses because the researcher is not making inferences. Accordingly, quantitative data collection methods are based on numbers and mathematical calculations. Dissertations that are based on a quantitative research design attempt to answer at least one quantitative research question. Qualitative research is heavily dependent on the experience of the researchers and the questions used to probe the sample. It should be clearly defined, and free of jargon. Relationship questions try to answer the question of the strength of a relationship between two or more variables. The examples above are not the only way to approach this. They must be clearly set forth at the beginning of any study. Both the quantitative research portion and qualitative portion of the study must answer the overarching central research question. The underlined portion needs to be completed for each study. Research questions in the empirical process set the stage for an entire study. The research question is one of the most important parts of your research project, thesis or dissertation. Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon. This type of question only points out the difference but does not explain. ( Log Out /  The question should be sufficiently focused to steer your research to its logical conclusion. (a relationship question), Example: How do lean participants compare to obese participants in their frequency and intensity of food cravings? These type of questions are useful for simple studies, but would not be robust enough for a dissertation. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A closed-ended question offers, as its name suggests, a limited number of answers. What are the experiences of people working night shifts in health care? Research can be undertaken in a variety of settings (the types of place where information is gathered), like in hospitals, homes, or other community settings. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES In quantitative studies, investigators use quantitative research questions and hypotheses, and sometimes objectives, to shape and specifically focus the purpose of the study. Quantitative descriptive questions will often ask for figures such as percentages, sums, or averages. TEMPLATE How does exercise influence GPA for students at the university level? There is a clearly defined difference between qualitative and quantitative analysis. and the second to include ‘normal science’ research based on questions defined by an established paradigm. In this question the participants are students, the variable is the amount of exercise, and the research location is university level. As an example, a literature review and a study of previous experiments, and research, might throw up some vague areas of interest. clearly defined research question 1 See answer malynr336 malynr336 Answer: Its main characteristics are: The data is usually gathered using structured researchinstruments. The researchers know in advance what they are looking for. Here are some guidelines that can help you develop the right question for your study. Sub-questions can address important concerns and difficulties to be resolved or describe the context. Avoid the use of quantitative words such as relate, influence, effect, cause. EXAMPLE A standard format for an explanatory quantitative research question is: “What is the relation between [independent variable] and [dependent variable] for [target population]?”. Types of quantitative research question. Example Research … The template is followed by an example. Developing Research Questions for Quantitative Studies, Action Research Part II | educationalresearchtechniques, Analyzing Quantitative Data: Descriptive Statisitics | educationalresearchtechniques, Developing a Data Analysis Plan | educational research techniques, Follow educational research techniques on WordPress.com, Approach, Method, Procedure, and Techniques In Language Learning, Ordering Main Points in Writing and Speaking, Evaluation Models Part I: Stake's Congruence-Contingency Model. The underlined portion needs to be completed for each study. The research questions are well-defined for which the objective answers are sought. How often do students exercise at the university level? Quantitative research enables you to describe and interpret your object statistically with numbers. The next sections discuss these principles in more detail. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population. Causal questions try to determine a relationship between two variables or they compare two variables. Quantitative research focuses on various modes of classification, exploration of causality, comparison, and explanations of … The goal of a descriptive research question is to describe the data. Despite the interdisciplinary recognition of the value of “qualitative research” (or perhaps because of it), qualitative research is not a unified field of theory and practice. Descriptive questions are usually simple questions that ask about ‘how much’ or ‘how often’ or look for a list of things/factors. Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research statement. How would overweight people describe their meal times while dieting. It can be defined as research that explains phenom ena according to numerical data which are analysed by means of mathematically based methods, especially statistics. Types of quantitative research question. What is it like growing up in a single-parent family in a rural environment? Here are some guidelines that can help you develop the right question for your study. Describe CLEARLY DEFINED of QUANTITATIVE research and give one concrete example? For an explanation, we need to use relationship questions as described next. Examples of qualitative research questions: […] out this post for a brief overview of qualitative versus quantitative research questions, and some more example […], […] In quantitative research, it is all about numerical data and running some type of statistical analysis. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought. The two methodologies of research, known as qualitative and quantitative research, explore topics with different objectives. Start by asking yourself if your area of inquiry has a qualitative or a quantitative purpose. In quantitative research, you usually work with at least two variables. Both methodologies have merit, but you need to decide which one is more appropriate to use for your specific research problem. Then, design your question accordingly. A quantitative research question is usually followed by a hypothesis — this is a prediction of what we think our study will find; a statement that answers the initial speculative research question. The objective directs us what we want to reach through our study. Indicate what are the independent, dependent, and if necessary the mediating and intervening variables. Identify the central phenomenon you plan to explore (tell in your question what you are going to describe, explore, generate, discover, understand). You are often drawing your conclusions by manipulating the … But all research questions should be focused, specific, appropriately complex, and relevant to a social or scholarly issue. The total of people a survey can reach is dependent on the time and objective of the research. Dissertations that are based on a quantitative research design attempt to answer at least one quantitative research question.In some cases, these quantitative research questions will be followed by either research hypotheses or null hypotheses.However, this article focuses solely on quantitative research questions. Researcher has clearly defined research questions to which objective answers are sought. It is researchable through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Exploratory research is defined as a research used to investigate a problem which is not clearly defined. The university level one possible template of a descriptive research question should be: and the are that help... 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