Alyeska Pipeline completes construction of its Trans Alaska Pipeline System, known as TAPS, which moves crude oil from Prudhoe Bay on Alaska’s North Slope to Valdez, AK, USA. By supporting IC you're empowering the kind of journalism we need, at the moment we need it most. The 1770 km oil pipeline from Edmonton to the Great Lakes was completed, linking Canada's gas fields with the markets of central Canada. The Trans Mountain Expansion Project, originally owned by Kinder Morgan and now owned by the Canadian government, has also been a focus of ongoing political conflict. Pipeline Completed. suggests that operating stations catch only about 15–20 per cent of pipeline leaks. among the Wet’suwet’en, however, with some hereditary leaders and elected band councils supporting the project. 18 As Steve Penfold describes it, the history of oil in Canada can be … Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. He spoke before the National Energy Board in November 1961, warning of the need for careful environmental planning in pipeline construction. Yet pipelines have also been controversial in Canada over fears that the fossil fuel use they facilitate could be significantly contributing to climate change. A pipeline network consists of gathering systems, trunk lines and distribution systems — parts that are analogous to the roots, Computers can perform leak detection calculations quickly and initiate remedial actions in case Le Club Débat. Library and Archives Canada. Ryan. north to the Northwest Territories, south to Texas, and east to Quebec. When people think of pipelines, they often associate them with the oil and gas industry. Berger recommended the federal cabinet impose a 10-year moratorium on pipeline development in the Mackenzie Valley. Steel pipelines are formed by welding sections of pipe together. Pipeline Fact #5: Pipelines are often cleaned and maintained by PIGs – or pipeline inspection gauges. As a further precaution, periodic tests are made to assure a pipeline’s safe operation. AboutPipelines.comA resource created by the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association. In recent years, Indigenous groups, environmentalists, municipalities, mayors and labour unions have opposed numerous pipeline projects they believe could contaminate local waterways through spills and leaks. in the early 1970s raised anxieties within affected communities about the environmental implications of oil pipelines and their further expansion. before being put into service. Group (see also Inuvialuit; Gwich’in; Sahtu Got’ine). Indigenous Peoples are putting their bodies on the line and it's our responsibility to make sure you know why. Pipeline Safety (PDF 483 Kb) Key Facts on Canada’s Pipelines (PDF 3.5 Mb) Podcast – Pipelines 101; Frequently Asked Questions about Pipelines in Canada. In the case of oil, trunk lines Change.). The Canada Energy Regulator (CER, formerly the National Energy Board) regulates pipelines throughout their life cycle – from pipeline design and application, construction and operation through to abandonment. Mar 19, 2019. A central concern of many Indigenous communities is the risk that comes with situating oil and gas infrastructure in or near the habitats of wild food sources on which they rely. How safe are they? A mixture of nationalist economic and energy policies influenced the decision to prioritize an “all-Canadian” route for the original line from Alberta to Ontario. bookmarks Follow IC on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. For a century after the Sarnia-area oil discovery, the pace of pipeline construction was slow, with just three major routes (from Turner Valley, Certain pipeline projects have received the support of Indigenous communities. The trunk (consisting of the main pipelines) moves oil or gas at high pressures over long distances through large-diameter pipes from a collection point to markets. Pipelines in Canada In 1853, the first pipeline in Canada was built to bring natural gas to Trois Rivières, Quebec, 25 kilometres long and made of cast iron. export of crude oil and natural gas. Gas sourced beneath Earth’s surface, composed of mixtures of hydrocarbons such as methane. Canada study of the Athabasca Chipewyan and Mikisew Cree First Nations in 2014 (see also Dene; Cree). Opposition to pipeline construction in Canada has transformed over the decades, shifting from being a local issue to one of global concerns. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Fred Chartrand). Typically, the pipes in this system are of small diameter and operate at low pressure. Within six years of the 1947 Imperial Oil discovery near Leduc, Alberta, the Interprovincial and Trans Mountain pipelines were built, spanning the country. feuding between the provinces followed. This federal legislation created guidelines and safety requirements for how and where pipelines were built. One of these routes ran up the Mackenzie Valley, with a possible connection (the “over the … a monumental and rapid pipeline expansion to get crude oil to markets in Eastern Canada and the United States. of emergency, such as closing emergency valves, shutting off pumps and alerting repair crews (see also Computer Systems Applications). The usual depth of burial is about 1.5 m for large pipes and slightly less for small pipelines, although some lines, like the Interprovincial crossing the Strait of Mackinac, are buried at depths exceeding 70 m. Canada is a world leader in winter pipeline construction, having developed unique trenching machines for permafrost and muskeg. government, TC Energy’s Keystone XL and Enbridge’s Line 3 Replacement Program.Â. It was a cast-iron pipe which spanned 25 kilometres and moved natural to Trois Rivieres in Quebec. following the discovery of enormous volumes of crude oil and natural gas near Leduc. In 1977, after listening to numerous groups of northern peoples — including First Nations, Métis, and settler communities — Berger recommended the federal cabinet impose a 10-year moratorium on pipeline development in the Mackenzie Valley. Proposed pipeline projects in Canada. It also contributes nearly 8 per cent of Canada’s gross domestic product. National Energy BoardThe website of Canada's energy regulator includes general information as well as details about specific energy projects. In addition, the NEB also considers issues related to pipeline construction, such as petroleum reserve estimates, costs… According to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, 99.999 percent of all the oil and gas moved by pipeline in Canada arrives at its destination. This capacity expanded greatly from the 1970s to 2010s with the construction of additional pipelines Today, “smart pigs” are equipped with sensors and recorders that monitor the inside of a pipeline THE CANADIAN PRESS Jonathan Hayward, Except where otherwise noted, articles on this website are licensed under a, IC is a publication of the Center for World Indigenous Studies (, The complicated history of building pipelines in Canada, Sweetgrass Protocols for Culturally Responsible Journalism, $4.5 billion decision to buy the Trans Mountain pipeline, Unease over the environmental effects of pipeline construction. In recent years, Indigenous groups, environmentalists, municipalities, mayors and labour unions have opposed numerous pipeline projects they believe could contaminate local waterways through spills and leaks. Pipeline proposals that remain active or under construction include the Trans Mountain Expansion Project initiated by The Mackenzie Gas Project, which would have transported natural gas from the Mackenzie Delta to northern Alberta, was cancelled by Imperial Oil and its partners in 2017. Take our quiz and find out! The first was the Interprovincial pipeline, opened in 1950, that connected Edmonton to refineries in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and parts of the northern U.S. The energy needed to overcome friction in the pipes themselves is supplied by pump stations Upon receiving a CD with 405 pages of incident reports, CBC reporters quickly realized that they needed to recompile this data to make it machine-readable for analysis. Alberta to Calgary; coastal Maine to Montreal; As markets expand, the capacity of the trunk lines can be increased by installing parallel lines (known as “loops”) or adding more pumps or compressors. Alberta when Horgan’s government proposed a ban on increased shipments of bitumen from Alberta. Canada’s first Pipelines Act was passed in 1949. According to Natural Resources Canada, the sector earns the government an average of $19 billion in royalties, fees and taxes each year. Canada has a long history of building energy pipelines, but Canadian attitudes toward major energy pipeline projects have changed over time. The name for this robotic technology came from the squealing noise they make as they pass through the pipeline. In October 2017, TC Energy abandoned Energy East and the proposed Eastern Mainline. Canadian company TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. was incorporated in 1951 to undertake the construction of a natural gas pipeline across Canada. Reeves, A.,, & Ryan, J., Pipelines in Canada (2020). Based on the analysis of incident reports submitted to the The first was the Interprovincial pipeline, opened in 1950, that connected Edmonton to refineries in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and parts of the northern U.S. Blog July 5, 2017. This past weekend, Canadians took time to celebrate Canada’s 150 th birthday. and the US Midwest to Ontario) in production. John Horgan) and Reeves, Andrew and J.t. The system for pipeline approval itself has also been criticized, with some claiming Canadians have lost faith in the NEB’s ability to judge energy projects impartially. Months of Settler farmers also began raising concerns about the environmental effects of pipeline construction and oil spills on their land in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These new reports demonstrate the great difficulty and challenge of documenting the history of oil pipeline spills in Canada. feeder pipelines and transmission pipelines transport crude oil, natural gas and liquefied natural gas from wells to collection points, across provincial and national borders. Enbridge’s Northern Gateway pipeline, from Alberta to Kitimat, But in the late 1940s, sufficient reserves of oil and natural gas were developed in Alberta at the Leduc No. Environmentalists have begun to insist that oil companies, governments and the NEB consider the upstream greenhouse gas implications of pipelines that facilitate the extraction and combustion of more fossil fuels. Indigenous peoples in the North were also concerned about the implications of pipeline development for unresolved land and resource claims. Norman Richmond, a southern Ontario landowner from Pelham Township, was one such concerned citizen. Tweet. 9) Pipeline Maintenance (207) 10) Pipeline Regulations (40) 11) Oil Pipeline Safety Regulations (232) 12) Introduction to Engineering and Design (56) 13) Pipeline and Station Construction (61) 14) Pipeline Economics (47) 15) History of Gas and Oil Pipelines (71) 16) The Origins of Oil and Gas (25) 17) Pipeline Organizations and People (20) Numerous, repeated oil spills along the Interprovincial pipeline in Western Canada led to calls for more environmental regulation of the industry and research into the effects of oil spills on soil quality. Unrefined hydrocarbon oil that is extracted from the earth to process for various human uses. Canada has a long history of energy infrastructure development. BC, was rejected by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in November 2016 over Indigenous opposition and concern about marine spills. Photo taken on 19 September 2016. He was a landowner in Pelham Township, Ontario along the path of a proposed extension of IPL (@Enbridge) to Buffalo, NY. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Pipelines are systems of connected pipes used to transport liquids and gases — namely oil and natural gas — across long distances from source to market. Pipelines Safety Act (2015)Read the full text of the law on the Justice Laws Canada website. A photo from 1957 showing the construction of the TransCanada pipeline. stakeholder and Indigenous groups as part of a massive push to overhaul how the NEB reviews and approves projects in the future. Within six years of Imperial Oil’s discoveries at Leduc, two major trunk oil pipelines were built, spanning the country. TC Energy’s Keystone XL project was conditionally approved by the National Energy Board before former US president Barack fluid pressure, cleaning the pipe as it goes. These celebrations recognized the diverse people and places that make this country so great. At the Paris Climate Change Conference in December 2015, Canada agreed to reduce its carbon emissions to 523 megatonnes Oil and gas pipelines unlocked Canada’s transition to a hydrocarbon energy regime during the Great Acceleration, which saw the country become one of the world’s highest per capita consumers of high-energy fossil fuels. The gathering system transports a mixture of oil, gas and sometimes water from a production well to collection points, such as processing plants or How do Canadians benefit? The financing of the project was split 50–50 between American and Canadian interests. Most pipelines are constructed of steel, although plastic and aluminum are occasionally used in the construction of natural-gas distribution networks. ( Before the successful legal natural gas to domestic (and eventually foreign) markets soon followed. Pipelines Canada was formed in 1977 and bears the initials of one of its founders Olaf (Ole) Johanson. The term pigging is derived from a squeal noise made as the bristles rub against the pipe wall. Another TC Energy project, the Energy East pipeline, was intended to carry upward of 850,000 barrels of oil each day from Alberta to refineries In, Reeves, Andrew, and J.t. Auteur(s) Sandy LAPOINTE Jim FOX: Type de publication: Présentation: Référence: Presented during the conference "Data collection, processing and publication" Organised by the Club of Regulators in cooperation with the OECD Network of Economic Regulators | 04 November 2019. Gathering pipelines, Canada has a long history of building energy pipelines, but Canadian attitudes toward major energy pipeline projects have changed over time. Canada has a long history of building energy pipelines, but Canadian attitudes toward major energy pipeline projects have changed over time. A mixture of nationalist economic and energy policies influenced the decision to prioritize an “all-Canadian” route for the original line from Alberta to Ontario. fuel extraction may increase cancer rates, as was shown in a University Photo taken 17 November 2014. Occasionally, pipeline politics rose to national prominence. The first was the Interprovincial pipeline, opened in 1950, that connected Edmonton to refineries in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and parts of the northern U.S. Companies also still frequently use “non-continuous” detection systems, which include dogs and visual Dr. Norman Richmond speaking at @NEBCanada hearing in November 1961. Pipeline construction has been a political flashpoint. After the welds are X-rayed to detect any flaws, the pipe is wrapped with a protective coating and buried. (for liquids) and compressor stations (for gas) spaced at intervals. challenge to the Trans Mountain Expansion Project, First Nations in British Columbia also used the court Silent Rivers of Oil: Environmental Consequences, Regulations, and Resistance on Canadian Oil Pipelines since 1947 is an environmental history research project that explores the social and environmental consequences of the development, operation, and regulation of long-distance oil pipelines in Canada. The Canadian and Ontario governments formed a joint Crown corporation to build the more difficult (and less profitable) segment of the pipeline through northern Ontario. linking Canadian oil and natural gas fields with refineries in Alaska, Illinois and Oklahoma. He argued that “future planning is so important that to be ruthless about it and not consider what our children and our children’s children are going to find would be a detriment to all concerned.”, Always nice to close out a day at the archives with a superb find. refineries. A TransCanada (now TC Energy) pipeline, now known as the Canadian Mainline, was heavily debated in 1956, In the ensuing years, pipeline production expanded as the market for… While Canada is already unlikely to meet its Paris targets, some have argued that task will be made impossible by increasing pipeline capacity linked to the Alberta oil sands. Sourced in the process of refining petroleum surface, composed of mixtures of hydrocarbons sourced the... Beyond this industry, and supports a resilient and sustainable energy sector connected pipes with pumps, valves and devices! And the Trans Mountain pipeline in Jasper National Park and Merritt, B.C of small and. 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