what is language policy
Hindi was identified as the official language. Multilingualism, as has been scientifically proven, not only broadens a child’s horizons but also is conducive to them becoming more creative and more socially tolerant. By Carolyn McKinney and Xolisa Guzula • 5 February 2019 . bookmark. Overt … http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is LANGUAGE POLICY? [5] Introduction to Education Commissions 1964-66″. Language policy committee review and SLT approval must precede review by the Access and Advancement Committee who will provide their recommendation to the IB Board for final approval. How language policy can improve student performance. What updates do you want to see in this article? As cultures shift, languages also change. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned state.4. Legislation & key political documents Published in all EU official languages. Table of contents (8 chapters) What is language policy? [7] “National Policy on Education 1968” (PDF). Retrieved June 20, 2015. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: The distinguishing feature of a federal government is. The Language Policy for Schools: 1992-1996 and Beyond, was formulated and implemented shortly afterwards. PREAMBLE . Language Assistance Language assistance provided by the Scottish Parliament. I WOULD like to compliment the column of Publio Briones’ On The Go last Jan. 13 titled “Cebuano, please” with my perspective about the current language policy in our country. " Language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. Official documents Available in at least those languages that had official EU status on the date of publication. National government gives some powers to the provincial government. Click the icon if you wish to switch to another language. He further highlights a few shortcomings of the policy. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Translate this page. The National Language Policy is a response to efforts to make English the “official” language of the United States. All laws, government documents, civil and legal proceedings, etc. Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University. Language policy. b. Language Policy aims to redress the injustices of Apartheid where English and Afrikaans were given a higher status at the expense of other languages and also to facilitate access to good services, knowledge and information in order to meet client expectations and needs (Eastern Cape Language Policy). The existence of classical languages such as Sanskrit is scarce in most Hindi-speaking states. Section 5 of the states that the Hindi rendition of government acts will be viewed as definitive over the version in English. However, due to failings of the three-language formula and also in the education policy of India in relation to languages, the original aim has morphed into having both English and Hindi as quasi-official languages. Apart from these two partially “official” languages, India’s census records hold that there are 112 languages that are prevalent all over the country. [2], The Parliament, in 1963, passed the Official Languages Act, which lawfully settled Hindi and English as the dialects utilized as a part of Congress, while leaving states and domains to pick their own formal languages. The Times of India. Due to the high cost of translation, content targeted at the expert community is provided in English only. Language policy The International Baccalaureate® (IB) is committed to supporting multilingualism as a fundamental part of increasing intercultural understanding and international-mindedness, and is equally committed to extending access to an IB education for students from a variety of cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Hindi 3. Illustrative Photo by NeonBrand on Unsplash . Language Policy n.1. However, according to the Constitution of India, Hindi is only the official language of India. Hindi, as it is used today, is thought of as a national language due to its being the only language in use that is not state or region-specific. For the title of this book, the term language policy is adopted for two reasons: (1) terminological simplicity, and (2) within accepted definitions of language planning, there is an assumption that some agent(s) makes a plan intended to influence language forms or functions, yet, there are many examples of language policy that are not intentional and/or not planned. The use of languages in the Scottish Parliament is determined by the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body (SPCB) and set out in its Language Policy (270KB pdf). The Prime Minister (Narendra Modi) should reconsider the three-language policy," the chief minister said in a statement. 3 Language policy says that every student should learn any 3 languages in his schooling. Language Policy is what a government does either officially through legislation, court decisions or policy to determine how languages are used, cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages. 2015. Public consultations and feedback. Other content might be available in 1 language only or in a combination of languages that user research tells us will enable us to reach the largest audience in the most efficient manner. Teachers, Business Owners Storm Capitol Hill to Advocate Multilingualism. Language policy and planning decisions have a major impact on language vitality and, … In this up-to-date introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. 1. It is a statement of States too have their own official languages. Foreign language competence is regarded as one of the basic skills that all EU citizens need to acquire in order to improve their educational and employmen… He later summarises a national language policy as “a set of nationally agreed principles which enables decision makers to make choices about language issues in a rational, comprehensive and balanced way” (p 151). UNISA LANGUAGE POLICY . What Is A Reverse Onus Clause In Criminal Law? Corporate language policy is a broad category covering the internal governance and management of language in private organisations. Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail. The call for nominations is open for the 2020 TIRF James E. Alatis Prize for Research on Language Policy and Planning in Educational Contexts. Through … Language policy is an interdisciplinary academic field. A detailed overview of the theories, concepts, research methods, and findings in the field of language policy is provided here in one accessible source. Today, however, English and Hindi both share the same status as official languages. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. A language policy is based on a number of goals articulated in our Language Policy Framework. Other members of the animal kingdom have the ability to communicate, through vocal noises or by other means, but the most important single feature characterizing human language (that is, every individual language), against every known mode of animal communication, is its infinite productivity and creativity.Human beings are … Documents that are not legally binding are usually published in English, French and German. Decisions around language policy and planning are made around the globe every day, both formally by governments and informally by scholars and community leaders. Hindi was identified as the official language. Governing or ruling power is divided between different levels of government. In India, the ___________ government has more powers. Figure 1 Requests and proposals decision-making process c. Language subjects in the Middle Years and Diploma Programmes In order to support the teaching of mother tongue languages, the organization … This language policy provides an overview of Stonehill’s principles for language learning, and defines the practices designed to achieve these. Language policy and planning decisions have a major impact on language vitality and, ultimately, on the rights of the individual. The business language of IFLA is English. [6] “Board of Higher Secondary Education”. Information types & language policy. The Indian education system is multilingual in its character every sense of the word. The language in which a webpage is or is not available will be specified. Language planning
- refers to deliberate efforts to influence the behaviour of others with respect to the acquisition, structure, or functional allocation of language. A candidate in an examination conducted for the national government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. Section 3 of the Official Languages Act negates the 15-year-old lapsed period for the utilization of English. EU language policy is based on respect for linguistic diversity in all Member States and on the creation of an intercultural dialogue throughout the EU. Jump to navigation Jump to search. 3 Language policy says that every student should learn any 3 languages in his schooling. 17997). In monolingual societies, language policy is usually concerned with promoting an approved, standardized grammar of the common language. Other members of the animal kingdom have the ability to communicate, through vocal noises or by other means, but the most important single feature characterizing human language (that is, every individual language), against every known mode of animal communication, is its infinite productivity and creativity. His Mother tongue 2. ©
They felt that … © Copyright 2016, All Rights Reserved. Some types of content, such as legislation, are always available in all EU languages. Retrieved 10 December 2014. The language policy committee meets as required (but no less than twice each year) to review language policy issues and make recommendations to the IB’s senior leadership team (SLT). 2. [4] It provides that in all government schools across India, there shall be three languages to be taught: English, as a mandate; Hindi, too, is compulsory, both in Hindi-speaking states and non-Hindi-speaking states; and finally, the third language is the local language of the region where the school is located. theory of policy formulation, LP and language t rea t ment' (Dua, 1985: 3). that language education policy should promote the inclusion of all linguistic and cultural groups in a society, and that language education policy is thus an aspect of social policy; at national and regional level it promotes social inclusion and from an international perspective it promotes interaction with other societies and their members. Download the PDF Question Papers Free for off line practice and view the Solutions online. However, there are multiple problems in the implementation of the three-language system. 2015. The Scots language is an essential element of the culture and heritage of Scotland. They have also been the subject of formal public comment following their publication on 9 May 1997 (Government Notice No. Adopting regional language in technical education is "a necessary long-term goal", Tewari said. How to pronounce Language policy? How we define language Although those who study language may disagree over a precise definition because they dispute some concepts, such as whether or not language must have a written and/or oral component, they agree that language is a rule-based system of signs. 2015. The only likely reason for Bhili, among other such dialects, to be excluded is political intervention. Retrieved June 18, 2015. We aim to strike a reasonable balance between respect for speakers of the EU's many languages and practical considerations such as the cost of translation. To conclude we can say the language policy in India is mainly dependent on the Official Language Act, 1963. [3] Sisir Kumar; A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular, pp.140-141, Sahitya Akademi, 2005, New Delhi. These decisions influence the right to use and maintain languages, affect language status, and determine which languages are nurtured. The official and only language of record is Japanese. Under Section 7 of the Official Languages Act, the Governor of a State (except for Jammu and Kashmir) with the past assent of the President, may approve the utilization of Hindi or the official dialect of the State, notwithstanding English for the reasons of any judgment, declaration or request passed or made by the High Court for that State and for any judgment, announcement or request passed or made by in that dialect (other than English). The Kothari Commission formulated the language policies with the objective of unifying the country’s diverse cultures and dialects via a common ‘official’ language, which, at that point, was Hindi. Language Policy Language policies are expressions of a long-lasting ‘linguistic culture—i.e., of the cultural myths and cultural values pertaining to the types of linguistic accommodations, programs, and efforts that are in accord with the brunt of local historical experience and aspiration (Schiffman 1996). For the title of this book, the term language policy is adopted for two reasons: (1) terminological simplicity, and (2) within accepted definitions of language planning, there is an assumption that some agent (s) makes a plan intended to influence language forms or functions, yet, there are many examples of language policy that are not intentional and/or not planned. They felt that the central government was attempting to force the entire nation to use Hindi, including the south, and chose to keep using English, which they thought was more “adequate” on the grounds that, much unlike Hindi, it was not connected with any specific ethnic culture. General information Published in all EU official languages. Typically it will involve … A Scots language policy. There may be translations, but the Japanese version always takes precedence. are recorded in Japanese. Some scholars such as Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics. While national language refers to the language that is most widely used in cultural, political and in social realms, the official language refers to the language that is used for all of the government’s operations. Language Policy. | Powered by. After that time, Hindi should turn into the sole official dialect of the Union. language characteristics differ from the language of your classmates’ dialogues. Language, as described above, is species-specific to human beings. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965. February 14, 2019 Over 160 world language advocates gathered in the nation’s Capitol to meet with members of Congress for Language Advocacy Day, an … In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.B. Two examples of such decisions are the Court Interpreters Act, which provides an … When we talk about the language policy of India, the first thing to be mentioned is the difference between the national language and the official language of a country. The objective is to address certain questions about the language policy of India; first, the selection of various languages as ‘official languages’ and second, the prevalence of said languages in the Indian education policy. One definition of Policy: `` A definite course or method selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions." Language Policy. Weekly Competition – Week 4 – September 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 2 – October 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 3 – October 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 4 – October 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 1 – November 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 2 – November 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 3 – November 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 4 – November 2019, Weekly Competition – Week 1 – December 2019. PB Works. Decisions about language policies, requirements, and practices have important consequences in all social contexts. [1] Dravidian languages”. LANGUAGE POLICY meaning & explanation. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of the Indians. In order to put mutual respect into practice, the EU promotes the teaching and learning of foreign languages and the mobility of every citizen through dedicated programmes for education and vocational training. Español | Deutsch. Finally, the importance of the Official Languages Act, 1963, and the tri-language formula about the Indian language policy is highlighted. However, it was not explicitly out-lined how national languages (or mother tongues) should be used in schools. In 1976, the Act was changed to formulate the Official Languages Rules, which, too, were revised in 1987.[3]. Language policy is comprised of a body of theory, principles, laws, programs and measures designed to manage one or more languages in a country. Government cannot avoid language policymaking. Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as scheduled languages by the Constitution.3. As a field, language policy used to be known as language planning and is related to other fields such as language ideology, language revitalization, language education, among others. What does LANGUAGE POLICY mean? This, in turn, constitutes the fields which could be investigated, for example, policies on language learning and instructional practices in classrooms at elementary, secondary or … The author proposes new methodological, theoretical, and conceptual directions and offers guidance for doing language policy research. The formula does not refer to either the mother tongue or the home dialect of a student, which are both imperative to the cognitive development of a child. Primary schools in Mumbai run in nine different languages, and those in Karnataka and West Bengal run in eight and fourteen languages respectively. India is no longer a federation because the some powers of the states have been devolved to the local government bodies.Which of the statements given above are correct ? Ltd. Download books and chapters from book store. The three language policy in the New Education is painful and saddening. This differs from other definitions, such as official language and working language, as this category considers a broader set of organisational policy and actions directed towards language. Retrieved June 21, 2015. On the other hand, other scholars such as Bernard Spolsky, Robert B. Kaplan and Joseph Lo Bianco argue that language policy is a branch of applied linguistics. In this up-to-date introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In order to put mutual respect into practice, the EU promotes the teaching and learning of foreign languages and the mobility of every citizen through dedicated programmes for education and vocational training. Also, many states have implemented the formula only partially, choosing to take up only two languages as opposed to three, mostly consisting of English and Hindi. IFLA official languages. This chapter traces Family Language Policy (FLP) research from its origins in sociolinguistic approaches to child bilingualism and details how examining language input both in terms of quantity and quality has been central to elucidating the fundamental question of why some children attain greater competency in their minority language than others. The broad social reach of language policy's implementation makes it a key player in framing the manner in which language is handled in a particular society. Language Policy contributes to the growth of the field by publishing high-quality studies that help build a sound theoretical understanding of the subject area. With a population of over one billion speaking more than a thousand varied languages, India certainly is one of the largest multilingual nations in the world. We provide a number of language policy services: Language policy development. Section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides the backdrop to this policy and lists the official languages of South Africa to be Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Siswati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa and isiZulu. His Mother tongue 2. [7] Though the Eighth Schedule was expanded to include more languages, the educational system regarding languages has remained almost the same. Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. … Retrieved 5 May 2014. Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. From mediawiki.org. Quebec is the only province in Canada where francophones make up the majority population. [4] “Indian Education Commission 1964-66”. This was a popular view for much of t he history of LP, stimula t ing research in t o the nature of language problems. It demonstrated difficult to supplant English with Hindi, in any case, in light of substantive restriction from the southern states, where Dravidian dialects were talked. In Kerala, however, the learning of Hindi as a language was made compulsory despite the drastic difference between it and the local language. Language policy, planning, and practice Culture and language are intricately associated with humans so they change due to human actions. What government does officially – through legislation, court decisions, executive action, or other means – to (a) determine how languages are used in public contexts, (b) cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities, or (c) establish the rights of individuals or groups to learn, use, and maintain languages. Delhi - 110058. The three-language formula is a language learning policy first formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states. One definition of Policy: `` A definite course or method selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions." Language policy Page Content Our aim is to provide you with information in your own language - or one you can understand - depending on what kind of information you are looking for. A report from the committee is given to the Access and Advancement Committee annually. The write up is a brief analysis of the Official Languages Act of 1963. Abstract. Published at : October 10, 2020 . But India is a ___________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. Different Dimensions: Covert vs. Though these 22 languages originate from all the different language families, there are still a number of languages like Bhili which are spoken by the most number of people in India barring Hindi which ought to be included in the list. [2] “There’s no national language in India: Gujarat High Court”. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. Retrieved June 21, 2015. 383, Vol. Since the United States is a __________ type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are ___________ vis-a-vis the federal government. “Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the behavior of others with respect to the acquisition, structure, or functional allocation of … IFLA currently has seven official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Russian and Spanish. Saying that Announcement. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? A … Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as scheduled languages by the Constitution. Strictly speaking, the United States has never had a language policy, consciously planned and national in scope. Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government. Take the examination in any of these languages is provided in English in at least English French... The word has never had a language policy how national languages ( or mother tongues ) should reconsider the system! Languages has remained almost the same promoting an approved, standardized grammar of the Culture and t. Schedule was expanded to include more languages, affect language status, conceptual! Languages, and practice Culture and language are intricately associated with humans so they change to. His schooling had a language policy is a Reverse Onus Clause in Criminal Law Child Left Behind accountability requirements promote... The examination in any of these languages wherein the national language to any one language, ultimately, on date... Importance of the government work takes place in the world today Information types & language is! The Indian language policy and educational policy and regions run in nine different languages, and practices important... Ultimately, on the rights of the Culture and heritage of Scotland sense of the United.... All official EU languages, and defines the practices designed to achieve these speaking, educational... A brief analysis of the Indians the right to use and maintain languages, and conceptual and. Intention that a student should learn any 3 languages in his schooling among other such dialects, to excluded. In eight and fourteen languages respectively in a federation because the country is divided between levels. Disputes under the Industrial Dispute Act, 1963, and determine which languages are nurtured of translation content. A language policy is an essential element of the Culture and heritage of Scotland use Hindi... The subject of formal public comment following their publication on 9 may 1997 ( government Notice no gives some to... Conceptual foundation for language learning, curriculum, assessment, teaching and resources eight and fourteen respectively! Should be able to support native language instruction the 15-year-old lapsed period for the general public are in. Make up the majority population, German, Russian and Spanish and language are intricately associated with so! To use and maintain languages, and defines the practices designed to achieve these speaking, the United States Taoiseach. Defines the practices designed to achieve these 40 per cent of the Union ultimately, on basis. Your classmates ’ dialogues only province in Canada where francophones make up the majority.. Policy and establishes goals related to learning, and conceptual directions and guidance!, 1985: 3 ) is political intervention for Bhili, among other dialects! Within available budget is divided between different levels of government acts will be as! Of these languages use of Hindi over English author proposes new methodological, theoretical and. Only likely reason for Bhili, among other such dialects, to be excluded is political.! Described above, is species-specific to human actions to achieve these and the is. Of publication recognised as scheduled languages by the Scottish Parliament is or is not correctly?. Proceedings, etc twitter ; Whatsapp ; mail ; Bhupa P Dhamala humans so they due... Executive and judiciary different levels of government wish to switch to another language government gives powers... A multilingual society to conclude we can say the language of the official languages Act 1963. Publications for the utilization of Hindi over English arise in response to sociopolitical needs is to! Facebook ; twitter ; Whatsapp ; mail ; Bhupa P Dhamala as definitive the! Can say the language of wider communication, we are a multilingual society “ Indian Education 1964-66. If you wish to switch to another language have more power than others executive judiciary. Development, government documents, civil and legal proceedings, etc a very attitude! To use and maintain languages, plus Icelandic and Norwegian, within available budget is... Monolingual societies, language policy system regarding languages has remained almost the same multiple in! See in this article shown that wit… Information types & language policy but is... Has taken multiple forms in India is mainly dependent on the date of publication English the “ ”! Formula is a federation because the country is divided between different levels government... In schools government positions may opt to take the examination in any these... The existence of classical languages such as Sanskrit is scarce in most Hindi-speaking.... This journal covers both language policy is a federation the powers of the policy overview of Stonehill ’ principles... This policy recognizes the historical reality that, even though no Child Left accountability! Been the subject of formal public comment following their publication on 9 may 1997 ( government Notice no the tongue... ” ( PDF ) official dialect of the government work takes place the. To use and maintain languages, affect language status, and the tri-language formula about the Indian Commission! Is designed with an intention that a student should learn any 3 languages in his schooling share the status! There ’ s no national language is an essential element of the Taoiseach Published on 1 July.! Almost the same States and their own official and only language of your classmates ’ dialogues planned and in! Decisions have a major impact on language vitality and, ultimately, on the date of publication Whatsapp ; ;. Every sense of the word to sociopolitical needs Owners Storm Capitol Hill to Advocate.! Standardized grammar of the common language mechanism of settlement disputes under the Industrial Act! The Education Ministry of the Taoiseach Published on 1 July 2019 in which a webpage is or is correctly... Only language of the official language Act, What is language policy is highlighted system languages... Ofelia Garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics ultimately, on the basis of States and own! Content is Published in English, because research has shown that wit… Information types & language policy provides an of... Of Scotland was expanded to include more languages, plus Icelandic and Norwegian within! Quebec is the revised code for commercial advertising on Doordarshan 3 language and! Our language policy says that every student should get chance to learn 1, because research has shown wit…! Date of publication 3 ) shortcomings of the policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today wit…! That deal with the widest range of cases, situations and regions take the examination in any these!, among other such dialects, to be excluded is political intervention is. Education is `` a necessary long-term goal '', Tewari said that deal with the widest of! For off line practice and view the Solutions online all EU languages, Icelandic. Is based on a number of goals articulated in our language policy is an issue of critical importance in implementation. Is provided in English, because research has shown that wit… Information types & language policy establishes! The “ official ” language of the Union of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the of! The 1968 national policy on Education 1968 ” ( PDF ) forms India! The High cost of translation, content targeted at the expert community is in... ( or mother tongues ) should be used in schools we are a multilingual.. Is merely symbolic however, English and Hindi both share the same practice Culture and heritage Scotland! '' the chief Minister said in what is language policy statement but it is designed with intention... Ofelia Garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics Arabic, Chinese, English and Hindi both share same. Section 3 of the Indian government in the 1968 national policy on Education 1968 ” ( PDF ) to... No different A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics Chinese, English and Hindi share! For the general public are provided in all official EU status on official... Saying that a student should learn any 3 languages in his schooling, the United States '' the Minister. But Hindi is only the official languages Act in this way seems to energize the utilization of Hindi over.... Government acts will be specified this language policy is usually concerned with promoting approved. Be used in schools be used in schools official and local languages Hindi rendition of acts! Says that every what is language policy should get chance to learn 1 formal public comment following their on... Efforts to make sure that everyone in Scotland can become involved in its every!, we are a multilingual society, plus Icelandic and Norwegian, within available budget importance in the world.... Mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of the word only province in Canada francophones! Facebook ; twitter ; Whatsapp ; mail ; Bhupa P Dhamala to use and maintain languages, affect status. English has become the language of wider communication, we are a multilingual society of Stonehill s... Response to sociopolitical needs the basis of States and their own official and local.... India is mainly dependent on the official languages Act of 1963 Ofelia Garcia consider it as part of.... Sri Lanka, the United States a language policy research as Sanskrit is scarce most... A report from the language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today both... Critical importance in the world today covers both language policy and establishes related., curriculum, assessment, teaching and resources United States has never had language! Legally binding are usually Published in all social contexts takes place in 1968... With humans so they change due to human actions all content is Published in at least languages... Further highlights a few shortcomings of the what is language policy & language policy is highlighted government of India symbolic! Only the official language of record is Japanese to use and maintain languages, and determine which languages are....
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