The social sciences are well placed to further contribute to this area of inquiry. He uses that as a foundation to develop a conceptualization of power that can be applied to better understand how power mediates and shapes social-ecological interactions and resilience. It contributes to ensuring a longer and healthier life, monitors our health, provides medicine to cure our diseases, alleviates aches and pains, helps us to provide water for our basic needs – including our food, provides energy and makes life more fun, including sports, music, entertainment and the latest communication technology. 2016. 2014; http://www.100resilientcities.org). For example, help an elderly person cross the street, or give a few dollars to a homeless person. To do this, science needs to become more multidisciplinary and its practitioners should continue to promote cooperation and integration between the social and natural sciences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.678820, Popa, F., M. Guillermin, and T. Dedeurwaerdere. Exploring such approaches in the field of social-ecological resilience, alongside other modes of knowledge exchange and collaboration, can contribute to making social-ecological resilience robust as a theoretical construct, useful in informing effective and appropriate management tools and approaches, and effective in bringing positive outcomes for both ecosystems and the people that inhabit them. Science Advances 1(4): e1400217. We discuss some of the key insights that emerge from the papers and reflect on the future of social science and broader crossdisciplinary contributions in the field. Resilience, ecology and adaptation in the experimental city. F… His study of tree symbols and tree-planting rituals joins other social-ecological resilience studies that explore the role of culture—including theatre, music, and the visual arts—in supporting people and societies to articulate visions and build sustainable pathways (e.g., Bjordam 2012, Goldstein 2012, Brown et al. Along with Max Weber and Karl Marx, Durkheim is responsible for establishing social science and social psychology as an academic discipline within the college setting. Aside from philosophical divides among the life, physical, and social sciences, there exist deep-rooted competing ontological and epistemological assumptions, emphases, and understandings of society–environment interactions within the social sciences (see Miller et al. Why resilience is unappealing to social science: theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience. Critical issues in social science climate change research. Technology society and life or technology and culture refers to the inter-dependency, co-dependence, co-influence, and co-production of technology and society upon one another. Ecology and Society 19(3): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06805-190328, Evans, J. P. 2011. The paper by Gray et al. USA.gov. This Special Feature emerged in response to this mounting crossdisciplinary appetite and the opportunity to open up a discussion about how and in what ways this collaboration can be strengthened moving forward. J Health Popul Nutr. The goals are either to improve policies that affect science (policy for science) or to improve policies that can benefit from scientific understanding (science for policy). The role of social science should be to support understanding societies’ functionalities or lack thereof; and the citizen’s role in society as well as society’s role in the lives of its citizens. 2008, ISSC/UNESCO 2013, Leyshon 2014, Moon and Blackman 2014). Social science research has made important contributions to population policy and to the effectiveness of family planning programs. Energy Research and Social Science 40:54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.02.002, Rathwell, K. J., and D. Armitage. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. This pursuit of objectivity increases the credibility of scientific advances and expands society’s willingness to take up and use the new knowledge and understanding science provides. The impact of science on society. (2015) explores the value of participatory methods for integrating individual, community-level, and expert knowledge and for developing models of SESs that are driven by stakeholders and support communities. Social science is an academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society, which often rely primarily on empirical approaches. role in informing peo ple on social issue coverage. Art and artistic processes bridge knowledge systems about social-ecological change: an empirical examination with Inuit artists from Nunavut, Canada. The government often seeks their advice on certain social and economic activities. Ecology and Society 9(3): 2. 2014, Brondizio et al. Ecological Economics 60:119–128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.002, Hobman, E. V., and I. Walker. Hussain NA, Akande TM, Osagbemi GK, Olasupo ST, Salawu KY, Adebayo ET. The political economy of addressing the climate crisis in the Earth system: undermining perverse resilience. Probing the interfaces between the social sciences and social-ecological resilience: insights from integrative and hybrid perspectives in the social sciences. Apgar, M. J., W. Allen, K. Moore, and J. Ataria. Ecology and Society 21(2): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08369-210221, Stember, M. 1991. Social science covers a broad range of disciplines. Conservation social science: understanding and integrating human dimensions to improve conservation. Conservation Ecology 8(1): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-00587-080105, Dwiartama, A., and C. Rosin. (2015) introduce a different participatory method for understanding SESs: fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM). He or she can contribute to the well-being of a community in several ways that … A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: from complex systems theory to reflexive science. 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2339, Cote, M., and A. J. Nightingale. The framework proposed by Boonstra (2016), on the other hand, builds on and integrates different strands of social theory on power to offer new ways of thinking about and analyzing power in social-ecological systems. Over the past decade, the field has taken a “social turn” (Brown 2013) as resilience researchers broadened their theoretical and methodological lens to incorporate insights and approaches from a wide range of non-natural science disciplines: from the social and behavioral sciences (e.g., sociology, anthropology, human geography, economics, psychology) to closely aligned interdisciplinary fields (e.g., sustainability sciences, global environmental change sciences, environmental education, architecture, planning, law) and, to some extent, the humanities (e.g., literature, philosophy, religion, arts, and music). 2017b), it is also internally contested among social scientists. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. These are critical to effectively address our planet’s most “wicked” problems such as climate change, food security, and poverty as divergences and dissension help foster the debates that are central to the creation of new ideas and possible “solutions” (Hirsch Hadorn et al. (2015) is an example of the value of such an integration. Indonesia's family planning story: success and challenge. She demonstrates how materio-spatial world systems analysis offers the potential to enrich resilience analyses of global environmental change, global governance and stewardship, planetary boundaries, and multiscale resilience. Thus, social science is important because it provides an evidence-based foundation on which to build a more effective government and democracy. In particular, they demonstrate how these bring insights about aspects of social change that tend to be understudied in resilience thinking: the situated and political aspects of change processes and the role of sociotechnical networks in fostering innovation for sustainability. With regard to internal social science debates and concerns raised by social scientists concerning social-ecological resilience concepts and applications, the sharing of discordances and dissensions provides a way for the social sciences to play a disruptive and generative role that can contribute to new ways of thinking about resilience and innovative actions toward a more sustainable future. Asimov, Isaac, 1920- . Contributions of family violence research to criminal justice policy on wife assault: paradigms of science and social control.  |  Communicate science to a wide public, whether it is my own research or the knowledge of my field in general (popular science). This view of change-via-hybridity is also explored in Tidball’s (2014) paper. Ecology and Society 21(1): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-07966-210121, Bousquet, F., A. Botta, L. Alinovi, O. Barreteau, D. Bossio, K. Brown, P. Caron, M. D’Errico, F. DeClerck, H. Dessard, E. Enfors, Kautsky, C. Fabricius, C. Folke, L. Fortmann, B. Hubert, D. Magda, R. Mathevet, R. B. Norgaard, A. Quinlan, and C. Staver. The crossdisciplinary conceptual framework they develop provides a means to better understand human and social dimensions of change and resilience from the intersection between psychological elements (i.e., how actors in the system perceive their environment) and their “objective” surroundings (i.e., the physical and social environment that enables or constrains people’s behaviors). The paper by Bush and Marschke (2014) considers social-ecological change in the context of aquaculture from two distinct perspectives on social change—agrarian change and sociotechnical transition theory. Underpinning reflexive transdisciplinary approaches are collective processes of problem framing and solutions, interrogation of normative assumptions, pluralism, experimentation, and learning (Fazey et al. Bjordam, T. 2012. 2012. For example our aging population. HHS Incorporating descriptive and analytical research to improve understanding of the human and social dimensions that influence the functioning and sustainability of Earth systems remains vital. The paper by Apgar et al. 2004). They argue that enhancing understanding of human and societal adaptive capacity and resilience requires extending the focus from individual humans to the wider network of human and nonhuman actors (or “actants” in ANT terminology) in the system and how their interactions shape, challenge, and constrain ability to influence, change, and build resilience. 2010). Public sociology —especially as described by Michael Burawoy —argues that sociologists should use empirical evidence to display the problems of society so they might be changed. Ecology and Society 20(1): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-07260-200139, ISSC/UNESCO (International Social Science Council / United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2017. The infrastructure of society as known today is the result of science. 2015. 2017a. She provides examples of how social science theoretical perspectives with very different underpinning ontological and epistemological foundations can foster stronger inter- and transdisciplinary ties with social-ecological resilience. NIH the theories and analysis by Emile Durkheim in his work Suicide and of Carl Jung’s work Psychological Types address such issues with breadth and depth. Ecology and Society 21(3): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210341. The other version is probably a university professor who teaches the subject to students. 2013 Jun;13(2):415-22. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v13i2.31. 2013 Mar 21;1(1):117-33. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00012. Goldstein, B., editor. Using fuzzy cognitive mapping as a participatory approach to analyze change, preferred states, and perceived resilience of social-ecological systems. These papers, among others in this Special Feature (e.g., Moore et al. Dwiartama and Rosin (2014) and Stone-Jovicich (2015) demonstrate this through their application of ANT, and Tidball (2014) through his analysis of hybrid social-ecological symbols. As we are confronted with mounting evidence of the profound and potentially irreversible impacts of human activities on the planet—encapsulated in the notion of the Anthropocene—the need to engage across a range of ways of knowing and doing becomes increasingly urgent. Social media is society's favourite platform for sharing, seeking and consuming information ... efforts are ramping up to understand the role of additional metrics in science. 2008. Social science concepts, theories, and methods potentially are relevant to all aspects of reproductive behavior, including actual fertility, proximate variables, and desired family size. 1998. Ecology and Society 21(3): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08754-210340, Brondizio, E. S., K. O’Brien, X. Bai, F. Biermann, W. Steffen, F. Berkhout, C. Cudennec, M. C. Lemos, A. Wolfe, J. Palma-Oliveira, and C.-T. A. Chen. World social science report 2013: changing global environments. Social science research has made important contributions to population policy and to the effectiveness of family planning programs. 2014. It deals with the origin, evolution, organisation, purpose, ends and nature of the society. In line with the above, the papers in this Special Feature stretch the ways in which the social sciences can engage with/in social-ecological resilience. Ecology and Society 20(2): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-07396-200211, Hahn, T., and B. Nykvist. This includes writing articles in magazines, writing a blog, developing educational software, … Get involved in education science: contribute to my national society of physics and chemistry teachers, for example. Among the important roles that social science can play is in fighting the spread of infectious diseases. Felt, K. Neves, P. Newell, L. Pellizzoni, K. Rigby, P. Robbins, L. Robin, D. B. This crossdisciplinary engagement has gained momentum over the years, as evidenced in the expansion in number and scope of integrative work presented at the Resilience conferences since 2008 (see Bousquet et al. Agrarian change theory, through its focus on indepth empirical case studies that look at the situated intricacies of local agency and social relationships of power and control, “opens up questions of material power and control over the environment that contrast with the questions of risk, vulnerability, and uncertainty that resilience thinking examines through coupled social-ecological systems.” Sociotechnical transition theory focuses on understanding processes of change in terms of innovation in sociotechnical networks. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA. 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541957. As in the case of analyses around social change, transitions, and transformation, there is a rich array of social science theories and methodological approaches that have much to offer in way of deepening understanding of the notion of agency and the role that different actors play. 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941921003652940, Davidson-Hunt, I., and F. Berkes. Awoonor-Williams JK, Sory EK, Nyonator FK, Phillips JF, Wang C, Schmitt ML. A central contribution to sociology by Emile Durkheim is the focus on group solidarity, the bonds that create cohesive societies. They argue the need to move beyond organized social units and institutional perspectives to understanding the complexity and diversity inherent in society and among people. Moore et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12326, Moore, M.-L., O. Tjornbo, E. Enfors, C. Knapp, J. Hodbod, J. 2018). Explaining crime by reference to abnormalities of the brain is just one example of how the human and social sciences have influenced the approach to social problems in Western societies since 1880. (2014) emphasize moving away from attempts “to present one view of how the ‘social’ can be better conceptualized in an improved ‘model’ of an SES.” Rather than pursuing interdisciplinarity in the name of building a “theory of everything” by integrating social theories into an overarching “grand narrative,” they suggest a more productive, pragmatic, and realistic aim is to focus on the “more humble goal of simply fostering more genuine interdisciplinary dialogue.” This involves acknowledging and accepting divergent views and perspectives and learning from how other disciplines and fields have approached similar conceptual challenges that social-ecological resilience thinking is grappling with. Nature Climate Change 4:763–768. Are adaptations self-organized, autonomous, and harmonious? The authors also demonstrate how three theoretical perspectives (resilience thinking, agrarian reform, and transition theory) that do not share the same ontological and epistemological foundations can nonetheless be constructively complemented to provide a richer and “more robust assessment of the social aspects of social-ecological transitions in the aquaculture sector and beyond.”. Increasing commercial productivity, while at the same time necessary, unemployment and poverty is not a socially acceptable solution. A guide to understanding social science research for natural scientists. They build on these social science bodies of work to propose how social diversity and power can be better integrated in understandings of human–environment relationships, SESs, and social-ecological resilience research. 2011. Their articulation of the classical literature of Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) with current social-ecological understandings of resilience offers a new way of understanding not only change in coupled human–environment systems but also the link between individual, group, and system loci of change. This Special Feature was supported by a CSIRO Office of the Executive Payne-Scott Award and funding from CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems' Building Resilient Australian Biodiversity Assets (BRABA) theme and CSIRO Land and Water's Adaptive Urban and Social Systems (AUSS) Program and Great Barrier Reef Coordination Project. Some of these span theories and methodologies that are well recognized and extensively applied within their respective fields. The paper by Tidball (2014) examines the role of social-ecological symbols in three postdisaster case studies in the USA (New York 2001 terrorist attack, New Orleans 2005 hurricane Katrina, and tornado-torn Joplin, Missouri in 2011). Published here under license by The Resilience Alliance. The field also has widened its concept of what are credible knowledge practices, expanding from a positivist tradition of scientific inquiry to interpretive and participatory modes of research (e.g., Fazey et al. There are opportunities for further engagement with disciplines within the social sciences that have a long and rich history of work in this area, such as anthropology. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publishing and UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France. 2009. For example, the paper by Hobman and Walker (2015) demonstrates the value of reaching back to earlier pieces of intellectual work. They demonstrate how we can gain a better understanding of these interlinkages and interdependencies, at particular points in time and places, and how this understanding can help inform actions for transformational change toward more resilient social-ecological systems (SESs). By capturing stories and recording memorials and acts of replanting, the author is able to examine the symbolic role of trees and tree planting in enhancing disaster recovery. Assessing the social-ecological resilience literature. Dwiartama and Rosin (2014) endeavor to unpack the notion of “actors” and “agency” in SESs and their role in enhancing resilience from the perspective of Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Émile Durkheim was a French sociologist whose major contribution was establishing sociology as a major science. The social sciences developed as a field of study during the nineteenth century. 2014, Stone-Jovicich 2015), demonstrate the relevance and applicability of established bodies of social and behavioral science knowledge for advancing analyses of change in social-ecological resilience. He called the new subject invented by him as “Social physics” and later explained that Sociology is a combination of Latin and Greek words that describe the … Thus, providing space for constructively exploring divergent perspectives, tensions, and discordances—as well as a willingness to be reflexive—is integral to furthering a fruitful engagement between the social sciences (and other bodies of knowledge) and social-ecological resilience research. Economy and Society 33:390–410. This person may do fieldwork research and teach higher education, … Although these papers are exploratory (particularly the first two) they reveal that, despite significantly different epistemological and ontological foundations, “hybrid” perspectives and social-ecological resilience thinking can be brought together into constructive dialogs that yield new and creative insights and lines of inquiry. 2017), yet resilience researchers—from all disciplinary orientations—have yet to fully explore the role they, and the field more broadly, can play as embedded actors in transformational transition pathways. 2008. Anthropology in the Anthropocene: sustainable development, climate change and interdisciplinary research. social relations. 2010. Global environmental change. They draw on perspectives from ecological and social anthropology and political ecology to focus a multi- and interdisciplinary lens on social differentiation and power and to draw attention to issues of competing goals, differences in perspectives and experiences, and contested interests. A. Baggio, A. Norström, P. Olsson, and D. Biggs. It provides an avenue for analyzing the alteration of social-ecological feedbacks, critical barriers and leverage points, and outcomes of social-ecological transformations. 2006, Brown et al. He highlights the importance of the symbol of the tree and the ritual of tree planting in situations where the SES has undergone large-scale shocks. Contemporary Social Science 9:359–373. Social science deals with the study of society and the relationship among individuals within society. Traditional knowledge in social-ecological systems. Rather, they propose that concepts and methodologies are complemented, such as positivist approaches in resilience and transition theory and the qualitative hermeneutics in agrarian change theory, in such a way that interdisciplinary exchange is fostered through the sharing of “bridging” results and insights. Earthscan, London, UK; Washington, D.C., USA. (2014) shed light on deliberative transformations of linked social-ecological systems. 2015, Bennett et al. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2015. He is considered the father of social science. Through an analysis of two case studies—one on Indonesian rice production systems and the other on New Zealand kiwifruit—they demonstrate how ANT’s encompassing conceptualizations of agency can enhance awareness and understanding of the intertwined role of humans and nonhumans in influencing the configuration of SESs and building resilience. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Enacting the social. Through a case study of bushmeat trade in Tanzania, the authors demonstrate how FCM can be used as a tool and process for promoting resilience analysis among stakeholders by identifying key state variables that comprise an SES, evaluating alternative SES equilibrium states, and defining desirable or undesirable state outcomes through scenario analysis. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12788, Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke, editors. Social-ecological resilience: insights and issues for planning theory. Exploring agency beyond humans: the compatibility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and resilience thinking. Futures 65:45–56. Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions. The Role of Science in Society In broad terms, there are two possible goals for engaging the policy process and two primary strategies for achieving those goals. The framework bridges social and ecological understandings of transformation and outlines the processes and phases of transformative change in an SES. Social science tells us about the world beyond our immediate experience, and can help explain how our own society works - from the causes of unemployment or what helps economic growth, to how and why people vote, or what makes people happy. With regard to internal social science debates and concerns raised by social scientists concerning social-ecological resilience concepts and applications, the sharing of discordances and dissensions provides a way for the social sciences to play a disruptive and generative role that can contribute to new ways of thinking about resilience and innovative actions toward a more sustainable future. 2015. [online] URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002246/224677e.pdf, Krauss, W. 2015. Culture and the management of family planning programs. 2017b), it is also internally contested among social scientists. The role of actors and agency in shaping SESs and building resilience is an area that has been highlighted as in need of further exploration (Davidson 2010, Brown and Westaway 2011). A perfect example is the recent Ebola crisis in West Africa. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. ; Social statistics, methods and computing involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative social science data. When you spot a chance to help another person, do it with a smile. The role of science in social change The contestation over positivism is reflected in older (see the Positivism dispute ) and current debates over the proper role of science in the public sphere. 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